render

Renders a Liquid template with structured data. Templates use soft variables: a reference to a field that is absent from the data renders as empty text and its field name is included in warnings.

render is a filter: place the template source to its left and pass the data and optional locale as arguments.

Signature

import 'liquid'

text |> render (
  data: value,
  locale: text | nothing
) => {
  output: text | nothing
  warnings: [text]
}

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Required	Description
template	text	Yes	The Liquid template source (left of render)
data	value	Yes	Data available to the template — typically a record, map, or tuple
locale	text | nothing	No	BCP-47 formatting locale; absent or unresolvable uses invariant formatting

Pass the data argument explicitly

Pass data positionally — '…' render (model, 'sv-SE') — or name it — '…' render (data = model). Do not pass an unnamed record as the only argument: render ({ name = 'World' }) does not supply that record as data.

Returns

A record with two fields:

Field	Type	Description
output	text | nothing	The rendered text; nothing when rendering cannot complete
warnings	[text]	Missing field names and any rendering messages; field values are never included

When rendering cannot complete, output is nothing; it never returns partial output.

Locale-aware filters

The locale-aware filters — number, date, instant, duration, and percent — are available in every template. Their defaults come from the selected locale, and number, date, and instant each take an optional positional argument:

Filter	Default	Optional argument	Example
number	The value's own scale (1 299,5)	Decimals	{{ total | number: 2 }}
date	The locale's short-date pattern	Date format string	{{ at | date: 'd MMMM yyyy' }}
instant	The locale's general date-and-time pattern	Date and time format string	{{ at | instant: 'R' }}
percent	The culture's percentage pattern	—	{{ fraction | percent }}
duration	The duration's literal form	—	{{ span | duration }}

Without a locale, filters use invariant formatting for predictable, culture-neutral output.

For currency amounts, format the amount before passing it to the template with the text module's formatMoney, then render the resulting text.

HTML safety

When rendering HTML, encode interpolated values (the standard escape filter is available) and sanitize the rendered output as appropriate for where it will be used.

Examples

Render with a bound model

import 'liquid'

from 'Hello {{ name }}!' render ({ name = 'World' }, nothing)

// Returns:
// { output = 'Hello World!', warnings = [] }

A missing reference renders empty and warns

import 'liquid'

from 'Hello {{ name }}!' render ({}, nothing)

// Returns:
// { output = 'Hello !', warnings = ['name'] }

Locale-aware number formatting

import 'liquid'

from 'Total: {{ total | number }}' render ({ total = 1299.5 }, 'sv-SE')

// Returns:
// { output = 'Total: 1 299,5', warnings = [] }

The group separator is the locale's (a non-breaking space in sv-SE, which can look like a plain space).

Filter defaults follow the locale, arguments override

import 'liquid'

from 'Sent {{ at | date }}' render ({ at = 2026-10-10 }, 'sv-SE')

// Returns:
// { output = 'Sent 2026-10-10', warnings = [] }

import 'liquid'

from 'Sent {{ at | date: ''d MMMM yyyy'' }}' render ({ at = 2026-10-10 }, 'sv-SE')

// Returns:
// { output = 'Sent 10 oktober 2026', warnings = [] }

import 'liquid'

from 'Total: {{ total | number: 2 }}' render ({ total = 1299.5 }, 'sv-SE')

// Returns:
// { output = 'Total: 1 299,50', warnings = [] }

Nested records and loops

import 'iterators'
import 'liquid'

from '{% for line in lines %}{{ line.name }} x{{ line.quantity }} {% endfor %}Total: {{ order.total | number }}' render ({
  order = { total = 1299 },
  lines = [{ name = 'Wool Beanie', quantity = 2 }, { name = 'Mittens', quantity = 1 }]
}, 'sv-SE')

// Returns:
// { output = 'Wool Beanie x2 Mittens x1 Total: 1 299', warnings = [] }

A malformed template hard-fails

import 'liquid'

from 'Hello {% if %}' render ({}, nothing)

// Returns:
// { output = nothing, warnings = ['…'] }